电阻率成像及浅层地震勘探在控盆构造探测中的应用——以万全断裂为例     

周月玲  尤惠川  温超  王燕 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(2):62-69

万全断裂是洋河盆地北缘断裂带组成断裂之一，控制沿线构造活动及地貌发育。断裂走向NE，倾向SE，在沟口处隐伏于第四纪覆盖层，采用电阻率成像和浅层地震联合勘探方法，获得该断裂隐伏段落综合物探异常，结合地质地貌调查，判定隐伏段落展布的具体位置、产状、活动特征及地下结构特征等。研究结果表明，万全断裂隐伏段落走向NE，倾向SE，倾角约75°，上断点埋深约20 m，20—240 m深度可见断裂破碎带（宽约10—20 m）物探异常特征及断裂两侧地层结构差异。该联合探测模式可有效探测复杂地质构造条件下的隐伏活动断裂，具有较强实用性，值得推广。  相似文献   

强人类活动驱动下珠江磨刀门河口径潮动力的季节性异变特征     

张先毅  杨昊  黄竞争  傅林曦  王恒  刘俊勇  欧素英  刘锋  蔡华阳  杨清书 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(5):1043-1054

人类活动对河口环境影响巨大,揭示在强人类活动驱动下河口径潮动力非线性相互作用的异变特征,有利于了解人类活动影响河口动力地貌的机制,对河口区水利工程建设及环境保护等具有重要指导意义。基于1960—2016年珠江磨刀门河口沿程潮位站(甘竹、竹银、灯笼山、三灶)的逐月高、低潮位数据及马口水文站的月均流量数据,统计分析了磨刀门河口在强人类活动驱动下月均水位、潮波振幅及其空间梯度(即月均水位坡度和潮波振幅衰减率)的季节性异变特征。结果表明,1990年和2000年为磨刀门河口径潮动力的异变年份, 1990年前为自然演变阶段, 2000年后为恢复调整阶段,1990—2000年为过渡阶段;高强度采砂导致的河床下切使磨刀门河口月均水位及月均水位坡度显著减小,夏季减小幅度最为明显,沿程平均分别减小0.53m和8.93×10~(-6);月均水位坡度减小导致潮波衰减效应减弱,进而使沿程潮波振幅增大,多年平均增大0.071m;磨刀门河口径潮动力相互作用具有明显的季节性差异,夏季月均水位坡度随流量增大在上游抬升明显,冬季月均水位坡度在上游显著减小,但在下游略有抬升;随着流量的增大潮波振幅的衰减作用增强,但当流量超过阈值20000m~3/s时,月均水位坡度引起的底床摩擦增大效应不足以抵消横截面积辐散效应,潮波衰减效应略有减弱。  相似文献   

短蛸对不同生物饵料利用的比较     

赵捷杰  陈四清  常青  徐大凤  李凤辉  张鹏飞 《海洋科学》2020,44(9):83-90

为比较短蛸（Octopus ocellatus）对不同生物饵料的利用效果，以南美白对虾、肉球近方蟹、菲律宾蛤仔和玉筋鱼四种饵料进行了饲喂实验。结果表明：1）肉球近方蟹组短蛸增重率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05），南美白对虾组脏体比显著高于玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），各饵料组肝体比无显著差异；2）南美白对虾组和肉球近方蟹组短蛸肌肉的蛋白质含量显著高于菲律宾蛤仔组和玉筋鱼组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组脂肪含量显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组灰分含量显著低于其他各组（P<0.05）；3）南美白对虾组短蛸肝胰腺谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），肉球近方蟹组谷草转氨酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组谷氨酸脱氢酶活性显著低于其余各组（P<0.05），菲律宾蛤仔组酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于其余各组（P<0.05），玉筋鱼组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）。综上，投喂肉球近方蟹可以显著提高短蛸的增重率；不同饵料对短蛸肌肉的蛋白质、脂肪和灰分含量有影响，对其肝胰腺功能和胃蛋白酶活性也有显著影响。  相似文献   

LATE QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHEASTERN SECTION OF ZHONGDIAN-DAJU FAULT          下载免费PDF全文

LI Guang-tao  SU Gang  CHENG Li  LI Feng  WU Hao 《地震地质》2019,41(3):545-560

The southeast section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault is located in the northern part of Haba and Yulong Snow Mountain, belonging to the southwestern boundary of the secondary block in northwestern Sichuan, an important boundary fault striking 310°~320° on the whole. The nature of the fault, the age of its activity and the slip rate are of great significance for the analysis of the secondary block movement in the northwestern Sichuan and the intersection relationship with the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains. Based on the 1 ︰ 5 million-scale active fault geological mapping, this paper studies in detail the stratigraphic landform, scarp landform, surface rupture, typical fault profile and river terrace along the fault. Based on the research results, we divide the southeastern section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault into two sub-segments, the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment and the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, according to the geometric structure, fault landforms and fault activity. (1)Fault scarp:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, the fault parallelly controls the two sides of the Haba fault depression. It cuts the late Pleistocene moraine deposits, forming a fault scarp of about 4.5km long and(14±2)m high. The continuity of the scarp is very good, and it is also very obvious in the remote sensing image. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, a scarp with a height of about 2m is formed, and an optical luminescence dating sample is collected from the upper part of the gravel layer on the second-order terrace to obtain an age of(22±2.2)ka. (2)Horizontal dislocation:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, through the analysis of the development of outwash fans in the area and the measurement and induction of the gully dislocations, it is considered that there are at least three stages of outwash fans developed in the area and there may be four phases of faulting. That is, the earliest-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 1km; the second-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 47m, and the vertical dislocation is about(14±2)m; the gully in the third stage outwash fan is horizontally dislocated twice, the first dislocation formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 22m, and the second formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 8.5m. It is further proved that the fault has strong activity since the Holocene in the Majiacun to Daju area. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, there are no obvious horizontal dislocations in the alluvial deposits since the Holocene. Only 3~4 gullies are found to be offset right-laterally in the ridges east of Wenhe Village, with the maximum dislocation of 210m, which may be the older phase dislocation. (3)Surface rupture:In the northwest direction of Dabazi Village on the T3 terrace in the basin between Majiacun and Daju, an earthquake surface rupture zone is found, extending in the NW direction. The rupture zone left clear traces on the about 1m-thick, hard T₃ terrace surface formed by calcification of sand gravels, and the overburden either upwarps and bulges, or ruptures, generates ground fissures, or forms small pull-apart "depressions" locally. However, the rupture zone is not large in size, about 350m long, 60m wide at the widest point, and 0.3~1.5m high. It is partially en-echelon or obliquely arranged, dominated by compressive ruptures. Through observation, the possibility of artificial transformation is ruled out for these upwarping bulges, ruptures or ground fissures. The fault section is found in the southeast direction of the rupture zone. The slickensides at the section show that the fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a small amount of thrust. In the eastern sub-segment, only intermittently distributed surface ruptures are found in the northern part of the village, and the scale is small. In summary, through the field geological survey, it is found that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a Holocene active segment. Though the Daju-Dadong sub-segment also offset the late Pleistocene to Holocene strata, it is considered that its Holocene activity is weak in terms of either the dislocation amount or the slip rate of this segment. By analyzing the geological and geomorphological evidences, such as fault scarps, horizontal dislocation and surface ruptures along the fault, it is considered that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Pleistocene is(0.4~0.8)mm/a, the horizontal slip rate is 1.5~2.4mm/a. The Daju-Dadong sub-segment is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Late Cenozoic is 0.1mm/a. The formation of the NW-trending surface rupture zone found in the Daju Basin is very young, where there are only two major earthquakes, namely, the M_S6.4 1966 Zhongdian earthquake and the 1996 Lijiang M_S7.0 earthquake, and both earthquakes produced NW-oriented surface rupture zones. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the rupture zone is a product of the 1966 Zhongdian M_S6.4 earthquake or the 1996 Lijiang M_S7.0 earthquake.  相似文献   

THE ACTIVITY OF WESTERN LISHAN FAULT SINCE THE LATE PLEISTOCENE          下载免费PDF全文

XU Liang-xin  BIAN Ju-mei  HU Nan  TIAN Qin-hu  TIAN Wei-xin  DUAN Rui 《地震地质》2019,41(3):561-575

Along the northern piedmont of Mt. Lishan, the characteristics and locations of the active normal Lishan fault in west of Huaqing Pool provide important evidences for determining the seismotectonic environment, seismic stability evaluation of engineering in the eastern Weihe Basin. After reviewing the results from high-density resistivity method, seismic profile data, geological drillhole section and trenching in west of the Huaqing Pool, it is found that the strike of western normal Lishan Fault changes from EW direction at the eastern part to the direction of N60°W, and the fault consists of two branches, dipping NE with a high dip angle of~75°. The artificial shallow seismic profile data reveals that the attitude of strata near Lishan Fault mainly dips to south, which is presumed to be related to the southward tilt movement of Mt. Lishan since the Cenozoic. The section of geological drillhole reveals that since the late middle Pleistocene, the displacement of the paleo-soil layer S₂ is about 10m. And the maximum displacement of western Lishan Fault recorded in the paleo-soil layer S₁ reaches 7.8m since the late Pleistocene. In addition, evidences from trench profile show that the western Lishan Fault was active at least 3 times since Malan loess deposition with ¹⁴ C dating age(32 170±530)Cal a BP. The multiple activities of the Lishan Fault result in a total displacement about 3.0m in the Malan loess layer L₁. The latest activity of the western Lishan Fault produced a displacement of about 0.9m in the early Holocene loess layer L₀((8 630±20)Cal a BP)and caused obvious tensile cracks in the Holocene dark leoss layer S₀((4 390±20)Cal a BP). Briefly, we have obtained a vertical movement rate of about 0.11~0.19mm/a since the Holocene((8 630±20)Cal a BP)in the western extension of the Lishan Fault, the recurrence interval of earthquakes on the fault is about(10.7±0.5)ka, and the co-seismic surface rupture in a single event is inferred to be about 0.9m.  相似文献   

滇东北地区地震弱活动前兆异常特征研究     

李利波  付虹  李琼  何德强 《地震》2019,39(3):115-126

以鲁甸M_S6.5地震震中附近的鲁甸大坪子泉水氡、 水质观测资料为基础, 通过对其地震前后的异常特征进行差异性对比, 分析认为震前地震活动丛集, 水氡、 水质异常持续时间较长, 幅度较大, 表现为破年变异常现象; 震后为小震群弱活动, 水氡、 水质异常幅度相对较小, 持续时间较短, 多次出现同步转折, 表现为介质弱化区的前兆异常特征。 从水样测试结果, GNSS位移观测资料、 GPS时间序列曲线及地震活动性等方面分析了鲁甸水氡、 水质的异常机理, 认为鲁甸的水质离子组分群体异常, 与区域的变形活动有关, 局部应力的不断积累, 加剧了地下深部物质活动及构造活动; 近期的同步转折现象属于介质弱化区应力调整状态下的前兆异常。  相似文献   

2018年9月8日云南墨江5.9级地震预测回顾与资料论证     

杨建文  赵家本  张鹏映  何应文  王军  茶文剑 《中国地震》2019,35(3):509-520

通过分析墨江5.9级地震前预测意见和预测资料，认为云南地区M≥5.5地震平静异常突出，M≥5.0地震连续间隔时间达200天以上，通海2次5.0级地震震级偏小是震前地震活动异常的显著特征；通海地震的指示意义、前兆异常M≥5.7地震中期和M≥5.0地震短临综合预测指标是判断地震短期可能性的主要依据；1900年以来，通海50km范围内M≥5.0地震后云南地区发生M≥5.0地震优势对应关系和GNSS表征的区域面应变变化特征为地点判定提供了线索。墨江5.9级地震的预测经验及资料的论证丰富了对地震孕育复杂性的认识，为震例积累了新的资料。  相似文献   

西藏日喀则拉堆-乃东与毕定-甲舍拉断裂的活动性分析研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷生学  李振海  张文朋  陈宇坤  郭巍  谢静博  高也  高锦瑞 《地震工程学报》2018,40(4):785-793

综合采用地质地貌调查、探槽开挖及OSL测年等,对离日喀则市最近的拉堆—乃东和毕定—甲舍拉断裂的活动性进行研究,结果表明:拉堆—乃东断裂在距今约3万年前停止了活动,毕定—甲舍拉断裂则至少在5万年前停止了活动,即二者自晚更新世晚期已不再活动——不属于全新世活动断裂,这与部分学者认为拉堆—乃东断裂为全新世活动断裂的结论不同。研究获得的最新断层活动资料可为该地区的地震预测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

城市居民日常身体活动时空分异特征及影响因素   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

姜玉培  甄峰  赵梦妮  曹晨 《地理科学》2019,39(9):1496-1506

依托南京主城区居民日常身体活动调查数据,基于身体活动时空维度,挖掘城市居民日常身体活动时空分异特征,并采用混合效应模型探究身体活动分异的影响因素。研究表明：① 居民日常身体活动时空异质特征明显。工作日/非工作日不同类型身体活动时间安排及个体间差异均显著;工作性、交通性、家务性身体活动空间制约明显,而休闲性身体活动空间分布更具弹性;与工作日相比,非工作日不同类型身体活动空间范围变化收敛与扩散特征并存。② 活动空间范围、个人社会经济属性、自身健康状况对居民日常身体活动分异均具有显著影响。具体而言,居民日常活动空间范围决定身体活动的空间适应与选择;社会分工差异导致不同性别、年龄人群身体活动具有指向性;身体活动时间出现与个人社会经济实力倒置现象;而良好健康状态会激励居民日常身体活动的保持。  相似文献   

海水人工湿地系统脱氮效果与基质酶活性的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴俊泽  王艳艳  李悦悦  祝佳玄  曲克明  崔正国 《海洋科学》2019,43(5):36-44

利用海水人工湿地系统处理海水养殖外排水,分析了人工湿地对不同形态氮的净化效果,探讨了人工湿地表层基质酶活性变化及其对系统脱氮效果的影响。选取互花米草作为人工湿地植物,煤渣、珊瑚石和细砂作为人工湿地基质,实验期间连续进水,系统运行稳定。研究结果表明:海水人工湿地系统对氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2-N)、硝态氮(NO3-N)、总氮(TN)和可溶性有机氮(DON)去除效果显著,去除率分别为(99.6±0.7)%、(99.9±0.0)%、(98.2±2.0)%、(92.6±1.5)%和(86.1±4.8)%。人工湿地表层基质下行池脱氢酶、硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性均高于上行池,下行池对污染物的去除效果更好。脱氢酶活性与海水人工湿地系统氨氮的去除有关;硝酸还原酶活性影响着海水人工湿地硝态氮的去除;脲酶活性与人工湿地总氮和硝态氮的去除存在明显相关趋势。下行池硝酸还原酶和脲酶的酶活性间具有显著相关性(r=0.76, P0.05)。人工湿地微生物种类丰富,下行池微生物多样性高于上行池,植物根部微生物多样性最高,提高了系统脱氮的效率。上述研究结果将有助于阐明海水人工湿地系统中不同形态氮的迁移转化机理。  相似文献